I can sympathis completely, Oli started doing something very similar at around 10mths and we have really only just got back into good sleeping habits now, after about a month of hard yakka sleep re-training.
Have you tried a night light? Is there something in his room that he doesnt like that is making him distressed about being in his bed, have a look around and see if there is anything that could seem scary to him. We still have to leave the hall light on for Oli. When we were away at Xmas it all turned to custard and he was waking 4-5 times a night and we were giving him a bottle to settle....it was a nightmare to break those habits...but it did happen eventually!!
Hang in there!